副词 - 副词的分类、位置、作用
一、副词：用来说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度的词叫做副词。
1、副词的分类：(见下表)
2、副词在句子中的位置以及作用：
⑴作状语：
① 时间副词：一般放在句首或句尾
注意: early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾
already、just一般放在动词的前面。
如：We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow.(我们明天要去参观长城)
They have already been to the UK twice.(他们去过英王国两次)
Soon the lost boy found his way back home.(不久迷路的孩子找到了回家的路)
② 频度副词：一般放在be动词之后或者助动词与主要动词之间
sometimes、often等还可以放在句首或句尾
usually可放在句首
once可放在句尾
twice、three times等一般放在句尾。
如：Sometimes I get up early.(我有时起得早)
The workers usually have lunch at the factory.(工人们通常在厂里吃午饭)
Take this medicine twice a day.(这种药一天吃两次)
③ 方式副词：一般放在行为动之后
suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或动词之前。
如：Old people can hardly walk as quickly as young people.(老年人几乎不可能走得和年轻人一样快)
Suddenly he saw a light in the dark cave(山洞).(突然,在黑黢黢的山洞里,他看见了一丝亮光)
④ 地点副词：一般放在句尾
here、there还可放在句首。
如：There you can see thousands of bikes running in all directions(方向).
(在那里,你可以看到成千上万的自行车朝各个方向流动)
The frightened wolf ran away.(受到惊吓的狼逃开了)
He walked out quietly and turned back soon.(他悄悄地走了出去,很快又返回)
⑤ 程度副词：修饰动词时,放在动词之前；修饰形容词或副词时,放在形容词或副词之前。
注意：enough总是放在被修饰的形容词或动词的后面；
only位置比较灵活,总是放在被修饰的词的前面。
如：I nearly forgot all about it if he did not tell me again.(如果他不再次告诉我,我几乎把那事全忘了)
It was so strange that I could hardly believe my ears.(它那么奇怪一直我都不能相信我的耳朵)
She got to the station early enough to catch the first bus.(她早早地赶到车站赶上了首班车)
⑥ 疑问副词：用于对句子的状语进行提问,位置总是在句首。
如：When and where were you born?(你何时何地出生？)
Why did little Edison sit on some eggs?(小爱迪生为什么要坐在鸡蛋上？)
How do you do?(你好！)
⑦ 连接副词：用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,在从句中作状语。
How I am going to deal with the problem is still unknown.(我打算怎样处理那个问题还是不清楚)
That is why everyone is afraid of the tiger.(那就是人人都害怕老虎的原因)
He wondered how he could do it the next day.(他不知道第二天怎样做那事)
⑧ 关系副词：用来引导定语从句,在从句中作状语。
如：This is the place where Mr. Zhang once lived.(这就是张先生曾经住过的地方)
Please tell me the way how you have learned English so well.
(请告诉我你的英语是怎样学得这么好的方法)
⑨ 其它副词：
too“也”,用在句尾；
also放在动词前；
either “也不”,放在句尾；
nor“也不”,放在句首；
so“如此,这样”,放在形容词、副词前；
on/off“开/关”放在动词之后；
not放在be之后、助动词之后、不定式或动名词之前；
maybe/perhaps放在句首；
certainly放在句首或动词之前。
如：He went to the Palace Museum and I went there, too.(他去了故宫博物院,我也去了)
Maybe your ticket is in your inside pocket.(也许你的票就在你的里边衣袋里)
--Tom doesn’t have a computer. –Nor do I.(汤姆没有计算机,我也没有。)
(2)作表语：地点副词一般可以作表语,放在be等连系动词之后,说明人物所处的位置。
如：I’m very sorry he isn’t in at the moment.(很抱歉,他此刻不在家)
I have been away from my hometown for nearly 20 years.(我离开家乡有将近20年了)
Jim is over there.(吉姆就在那边)
(3)作定语：时间副词(如now、then)以及许多地点副词都可以作名词的定语,放在名词的后面。
如：People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants.(现在的人们经常在餐馆里吃节日晚宴)
Women were living a terrible life in the 1920s.(在二十世纪20年代那儿的女人过着可怕的日子)
(4)作宾语补足语：地点副词一般可以作宾语补足语。
如：Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell!
(吉姆,把你的脏袜子拿开！它们在散发着臭气。)
Father kept him in and doing his lessons.(父亲把他关在家里做作业)
[注意] “动词+副词”的宾语如果是代词,则该副词应该放在代词之后。
如：He wrote down the word.(他写下了那个词。)→He wrote it down.(他把它写了下来。)